Order and Anarchy: Civil Society, Social Disorder and War

Through the study of civil society, the evolution of social relations, and the breakdown of social order, Order and Anarchy re-examines the role of violence in human social evolution. Drawing on anthropology, political science, and evolutionary theory, it offers a novel approach to understanding stability and instability in human society. Robert Layton provides a radical critique of current concepts of civil society, arguing that rational action is characteristic of all human societies and not unique to post-Enlightenment Europe. Case studies range from ephemeral African gold rush communities and the night club scene in Britain to stable hunter-gatherer and peasant cultures. The dynamics of recent civil wars in the former Yugoslavia, Chad, Somalia and Indonesia are compared to war in small-scale tribal societies, arguing that recent claims for the evolutionary value of violence have misunderstood the complexity of human strategies and the social environments in which they are played out.

• Topical: studies recent civil wars in Africa and Asia, the breakdown of order in East European countries following the collapse of socialism, and the impact of Western development policies on the Third World • Novel: a radical critique of recent ideas about civil society and the evolutionary significance of warfare • An innovative integration of theories from anthropology to political science

Acknowledgements; 1. Civil society and social cohesion; 2. Self-interest and social evolution; 3. The breakdown of social order; 4. Warfare, biology and culture; References; Index.

\'Layton\'s large themes - the conditions of civil society, the sources of social order and of its breakdown, the biological and cultural arguments surrounding warfare - are all handled with a rare economy and considerable theoretical rigour. This is a bold and challenging work that will attract much attention from social scientists and others.\' Krishan Kumar, William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Sociology, University of Virginia